HARDO X400 steel equivalent

    
    HARDO X400 steel is a type of low alloy steel developed by a German company called ThyssenKrupp. It is commonly used in applications requiring a combination of high strength and good welding characteristics. This type of steel is typically used in the construction of bridges, ships, and other structures under extreme loads and temperatures.
    
    HARDO X400 steel is an alloy of carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, chromium, and nickel. The main components of this steel are carbon and manganese, which are used to achieve the desired strength and ductility. Chromium and nickel are added to increase corrosion resistance, while silicon and phosphorus improve the weldability of the steel. In addition to the alloying elements, small quantities of other elements like boron, lead, and sulfur may also be present in HARDO X400 steel.
    
    The primary characteristic of HARDO X400 steel is its ability to retain its strength and hardness at higher temperatures. This makes it well-suited for high temperature applications, such as found in shipbuilding, offshore oil rigs, and aerospace industries. Its resistance to creep and fatigue also make it a popular choice for automotive and bridge applications.
    
    The mechanical properties of HARDO X400 steel are dependent on its composition and heat treatments. The yield strength of this steel has been measured around 550 MPa at room temperature. Its ultimate tensile strength is around 750 MPa, which provides excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking. The notch impact strength of HARDO X400 is about 100 J/cm2.
    
    In terms of its welding characteristics, HARDO X400 steel is quite good. It can be welded using conventional welding consumables like low hydrogen cell and solid wires. Moreover, it can be welded using flux cored arc welding and metal cored arc welding processes. It has a good welding speed and good penetration power. Finally, HARDO X400 steel is considered a good choice for postweld heat treatment processes.
    
    In summary, HARDO X400 steel is a low alloy steel developed by ThyssenKrupp. It is composed of various elements that make it suitable for structurally demanding applications. It is especially important for applications that require sustained high strength or fatigue resistance. In terms of welding technology, HARDO X400 steel has excellent welding features.